Prometheus is an open-source toolkit initially built at SoundCloud for monitoring and alerting. The toolkit is now a standalone open source project and maintained independently of any company.
The toolkit collects metrics from monitored targets by scrapping HTTP endpoints on those targets. Most Prometheus components are in Go. Some written in Java, Python, and Ruby.
Prometheus works well to record any numerical time series. It fits both machine-centric monitoring and high-dynamic service-oriented architecture monitoring. In addition to making it easier to run and integrate into your environment, Prometheus offers a rich data model and query language.
The following tutorial shows steps to install Prometheus on CentOS.
Install and Configure Prometheus on CentOS 7
Login to Terminal as root, and start firing the commands below.
Step 1 — Update System
sudo yum update -yStep 2 — Disable SELinux
Open SELinux configuration and edit the file:
sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/selinuxChange “SELINUX=enforcing” to “SELINUX=disabled”.
Save and exit the file. Then reboot the system.
sudo rebootStep 3 — Download Prometheus package
Go to official Prometheus downloads page, and copy the URL of Linux “tar” file.
Run the following command to download package. Paste the copied URL after wget in the below command:
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.27.1/prometheus-2.27.1.linux-amd64.tar.gzStep 4 — Configure Prometheus
Add a Prometheus user.
sudo useradd --no-create-home --shell /bin/false prometheusCreate needed directories.
sudo mkdir /etc/prometheussudo mkdir /var/lib/prometheus
Change the owner of the above directories.
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheussudo chown prometheus:prometheus /var/lib/prometheus
Now go to Prometheus downloaded location and extract it.
tar -xvzf prometheus-2.27.1.linux-amd64.tar.gzRename it as per your preference.
sudo mv prometheus-2.27.1.linux-amd64 prometheuspackageCopy “prometheus” and “promtool” binary from the “prometheuspackage” folder to “/usr/local/bin”.
sudo cp prometheuspackage/prometheus /usr/local/bin/sudo cp prometheuspackage/promtool /usr/local/bin/
Change the ownership to Prometheus user.
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/prometheussudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/promtool
Copy “consoles” and “console_libraries” directories from the “prometheuspackage” to “/etc/prometheus folder”
sudo cp -r prometheuspackage/consoles /etc/prometheussudo cp -r prometheuspackage/console_libraries /etc/prometheus
Change the ownership to Prometheus user
sudo chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/consolessudo chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/console_libraries
Add and modify Prometheus configuration file.
Configurations should be added to the “/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml”
Now we will create the prometheus.yml file.
sudo vim /etc/prometheus/prometheus.ymlAdd the following configuration to the file.
global:
scrape_interval: 10sscrape_configs:
- job_name: 'prometheus_master'
scrape_interval: 5s
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9090']
save and exit the file
Change the ownership of the file.
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/prometheus.ymlConfigure the Prometheus Service File.
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.serviceCopy the following content to the file.
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \
--config.file /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
--storage.tsdb.path /var/lib/prometheus/ \
--web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles \
--web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Save and the exit file.
Reload the systemd service.
sudo systemctl daemon-reloadStart the Prometheus service.
sudo systemctl start prometheusCheck service status.
sudo systemctl status prometheus
Add firewall rules.
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9090/tcp --permanentReload firewall service.
sudo systemctl reload firewalldStep 5 — Access Prometheus Web Interface
Use the following Url to access UI.
http://Server-IP:9090/graphThen you can see the following interface.
Step 6 — Monitor Linux Server Using Prometheus
First, you need to configure Prometheus node exporter on a Linux server.
Copy URL of the Node Exporter form the official download page.
Paste the copied URL after wget in the following command:
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.1.2/node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
Extract the downloaded package.
tar -xvzf node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gzCreate a user for the node exporter.
sudo useradd -rs /bin/false nodeusrMove binary to “/usr/local/bin” from the downloaded extracted package.
sudo mv node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64/node_exporter /usr/local/bin/Create a service file for the node exporter.
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.serviceAdd the following content to the file.
[Unit]
Description=Node Exporter
After=network.target[Service]
User=nodeusr
Group=nodeusr
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Save and exit the file.
Reload the system daemon.
sudo systemctl daemon-reloadStart node exporter service.
sudo systemctl start node_exporterAdd a firewall rule to allow node exporter.
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9100/tcp --permanentReload firewall service.
sudo systemctl restart firewalldEnable node exporter on system boot.
sudo systemctl enable node_exporterView the metrics browsing node exporter URL.
http://IP-Address:9100/metrics
Add configured node exporter Target On Prometheus Server.
Login to Prometheus server and modify the prometheus.yml file
Edit the file:
sudo vim /etc/prometheus/prometheus.ymlAdd the following configurations under the scrape config.
- job_name: 'node_exporter_centos'
scrape_interval: 5s
static_configs:
- targets: ['TARGET_SERVER_IP:9100']The file should look like as follows.
Restart Prometheus service.
sudo systemctl restart prometheusLogin to Prometheus server web interface, and check targets.
http://Prometheus-Server-IP:9090/targets
You can click the graph and query any server metrics and click execute to show output. It will show the console output.
Query Browser:
Console output:
Click Graph to view.
Step 7 — Monitor MySQL Server Using Prometheus
Login to MySQL and execute the following queries.
CREATE USER 'mysqlexporter'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 's56fsg#4W2126&dfk' WITH max_user_connections 2;GRANT PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, SELECT ON *.* TO 'mysqlexporter'@'localhost';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Download mysqld_exporter from the official download page.
wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.13.0-rc.0/mysqld_exporter-0.13.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gzExtract the Downloaded file.
tar -xvzf mysqld_exporter-0.13.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gzAdd a user for mysqld_exporter.
sudo useradd -rs /bin/false mysqld_exporterCopy mysqld_exporter file to /usr/bin.
sudo mv mysqld_exporter-0.13.0-rc.0.linux-amd64/mysqld_exporter /usr/binChange ownership of the file.
sudo chown mysqld_exporter:mysqld_exporter /usr/bin/mysqld_exporterCreate needed folders.
sudo mkdir -p /etc/mysql_exporterCreate a MySQL password file for mysqld_exporter.
sudo vim /etc/mysql_exporter/.my.cnfAdd the following configurations to the file.
[client]
user=mysqlexporter
password=sdfsg#4W2126&ghSave and exit the file.
Change ownership.
sudo chown -R mysqld_exporter:mysqld_exporter /etc/mysql_exporterGrant needed permission.
sudo chmod 600 /etc/mysql_exporter/.my.cnfCreate a service file.
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/mysql_exporter.serviceAdd the following content to the file.
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server NAMESERVER
After=network.target[Service]
User=mysqld_exporter
Group=mysqld_exporter
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/mysqld_exporter \
--config.my-cnf="/etc/mysql_exporter/.my.cnf"
Restart=always[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Reload the system daemon.
sudo systemctl daemon-reloadEnable mysql_exporter on system boot.
sudo systemctl enable mysql_exporterStart service.
sudo systemctl start mysql_exporterView the metrics using the following URL.
http://Server_IP:9104/metrics
Now go to Prometheus server and modify the prometheus.yml file.
sudo vim /etc/prometheus/prometheus.ymlAdd the following content to the file.
- job_name: 'mysql_exporter_fosslinux'
scrape_interval: 5s
static_configs:
- targets: ['TARGET_SERVER_IP:9104']
Restart Prometheus.
sudo systemctl restart prometheusYou can see added targets by clicking targets under the status.
http://IP:9090/targets
Now you can select query using query browser and get the result of MySQL server.
That’s all about the installation and configuration of Prometheus server on CentOS 7. Hope you enjoyed this tutorial. Let us know your feedback in the comments below.
